Comparative Essay Landscape Free Essays

STAGE 5: PDM – COMPARATIVE ESSAY (Landscape) Landscape artworks are a significant component in the expression of art, it is a well-established genre used extensively throughout the global art industry. Traditionally the principle subject of a landscape composition was to successfully portray a scenic view realistically, but evidently as observed over time has progressed. As demonstrated in contemporary artworks, cultural influences, technological advances and other aspects have contributed to the development of the landscape genre. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative Essay: Landscape or any similar topic only for you Order Now The persisting genre of landscape art has gradually evolved overtime in order to achieve the different objectives of modern artists in the art-world, including a considerable motion towards landscape expressionism over realism. Bill Henson and Fred Williams are examples of artists, whom have extensively explored the landscape theme and possess a considerable understanding of the style, both employ landscape as a source of insight to compose their artworks but there are notable variations between the two artists and how they apply individual techniques. This contrast can be distinguished in the painting by Williams and the photo captured by Henson. The selected artwork by Williams is a painting, comprised as a piece of a Landscape Series, which is a succession of Australian Landscape depictions. Oil paints stretched on canvas was used to compose the painting, as opposed to Henson’s Type â€Å"C† colour photograph. The chosen sample work by Henson though denied a title; is a piece of his Untitled Series [2001-2002]. As recognised in many artworks including Williams’ landscape, oil paints on canvas is a renowned art medium. A subtle or progressive blending of colours can be achieved with oil paints by the artist when required, furthering the intensity and vastness of an artwork. Vibrant depths can also be produced by this medium, complimented by natural lustre and distinctive contrast between shade and tone. Whereas Type â€Å"C† colour photograph, applied to Henson’s photograph is merely a colour photographic print, lacking digital manipulation. It involves the process of exposing the three different layers to various colours in order to adjust or emphasise the composition of colour. This process can be achieved both manually and digitally to adjust the colour balance of a print. Two well-established artists, evidently existing in differing art media and with separate artistic intentions, apply differently the processes they use to achieve their purpose. As identified within the artwork by Williams, the paint was thickly and spontaneously applied on the canvas in order to visually represent a natural landscape, which mainly consisted of woodland. Progressive but solid strokes were also used predominantly to compose the artwork, furthering the aspect of abstract within the image produced. In comparison to Williams’ painting, the photograph captured by Henson is of a traditional process, employing Type â€Å"C† colour photograph. Within the artwork there is, though limited, inclusion of artificial components or manipulation of the image to assist his artistic intention. Within the art industry there are many styles and ways to approach the subject matter of an artwork, more generally these include structural and subjective components. The identified landscape sample by Williams is a respectable example of abstract art, encompassing a number of structural elements that cooperate to achieve the main purpose of the artist work. For example the use of contrasting colours, such as orange and blue in approach of the abstract style, and the use of visual language are applied to create a focused composition. A subjective element including the form of atmosphere and theme imposes a sense of an unconformity, and represents the vastness of the landscape, through exaggeration of the natural features within the artwork. As opposed to Williams’ landscape artwork, the image captured by Henson is considered realism but potentially expressionism. In consideration of the structural aspects that contribute to the approach to the subject matter, the composition of colours used presents to the audience an intense situation generally circulating the notion of weather. The photograph is an establishing-shot taken of the natural environment, focusing dominantly on the physical elements of nature, aspects such as the light is provided from a natural source that contributes to the instinctive interpretation. Also an oppressive atmosphere is presented by the subjective element; this is also contributed to by the colour and the appearance of weather. The intentions of an artist are essential in art making, whether it be painting or photography, by applying different art techniques and styles the purpose can be achieved effectively or as how it is intended by the artist. In Williams’ untitled painting it depicts an abstract, Australian landscape, through this Williams intends to reveal or exhibit the vastness of the Australian environment. It informs the audience of Williams’ interpretation of the subject matter, and emphasises on the intensity of the setting through the structure of colours and shades, imposing a fierce atmosphere. This can also be a representation of Australia’s dry climate, and potentially the fire hazard that Australia constantly exists in. And the trees are an indication of the life that exists in Australia, the use of contrasting colours – in respect to blue and orange – demonstrates this; the composed blue appeasing the rampant orange. Henson’s photograph of a natural environment exposes to the audience an element of weather, more specifically oppressed by the natural element. The use of contrasting colours – generally black and white – allows this to be done effectively, showing more prominently the inconsistency of the weather. And confided by the clouds a collapse of light exists; similarly to a concept of a ‘silver lining’ in relation to this visual language, that there is a glimpse of hope to escape the oppressive circumstances. As established from Fred Williams’ and Bill Henson’s artworks, it is evident that landscape has been a prominent and recognised genre throughout the art industry. But in accordance to the style and the artist’s intentions such landscapes are illustrated in various ways through different manners and techniques, exposing the vastness of the genre. How to cite Comparative Essay: Landscape, Essays

Person Health and Well Being

Question: Discuss the emotional, mental, and behavioral responses that Mary is likely to experience about her diagnosis. Answer: Introduction Currently, breast cancer is among the worlds most deadly diseases more so when it is not diagnosed in the early stages. Within the last decade, it has claimed several lives. Breast cancer affects the breast tissues, and if not treated early, the disease kills. Mostly, it affects senior women but on some few occasions, young women may be affected by the condition (Holick et al. 2008). Mary who is married to a soldier is diagnosed with breast cancer. Like any other person, being diagnosed with such life-threatening disease, she is bound to experience emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses. However, it is important to understand the risk factors for breast cancer and the preventive factors. Risk Factors for Breast Cancer There are some predisposing factors for breast cancer. Among them is them is just being women. Breast cancer affects only women, and thus any woman is at risk of being affected by the disease (Yang et al. 2011). Another important risk factor is age. As the age increases, the risk of breast cancer consequently increases. Family history is also another risk factor. Women with relatives already diagnosed with cancer are at a higher risk of breast cancer. Genetics also acts as a risk factor. It is thought to contribute between 5% and 10% of the breast cancer cases. Other risk factors include obesity, lack of routine exercises, exposure to radiations, eating unhealthy foods and exposure to chemicals in cosmetics. Preventive Factors for Breast Cancer Some factors can help in preventing the risk of breast cancer. One of them is avoiding exposure to radiations and chemical substances that may cause cancer. Childbearing also is thought to be the strongest preventive measures against breast cancer. The higher the number of children a woman bears, the higher the prevention of the disease she builds (Lappe et al. 2007). Similarly, childbearing and breastfeeding help in reducing the development of breast cancer. Women who breastfeed their kids for more than twelve months prevent the occurrence of breast cancer by a great degree. Lappe et al. (2007) argue that Vitamin D and calcium supplements reduce risks of breast cancer. Also, exercise plays a key role in preventing the development of cancer. Women who exercise routinely are least affected by breast cancer. After the diagnosis and the fact that Mary is alone at home, she is going to respond to the heartbreaking news. Her response will both affect her emotions, cognitive state and behavior. Therefore, this paper aims at discussing her responses under the three main themes. Support system sometimes aids a patient responds to breast cancer diagnosis. If she has proper support from her close relatives like their husbands, the emotional reaction might not be severe. For the case of Mary, she is alone with her two twins. Obviously, she received the sad news with shock and disbelief. Having in mind that her twins are still young, the situation is distressing for her. She is might her felt like her life has come to an expected end. Even before she gets the results from the pathologist, waiting for the unknown biopsy results raises anxiety (Ferlay et al. 2010). Then come the announcement of the results. This is the period full of distress mixed up with anxiety, shock, anger and even at times depression. Before Mary adjusts to the reality that indeed she is diagnosed with breast cancer, she lives in a state of persistent sadness. What follows is decreased interest in several things that in normal occasion used to fascinates her. For instance, if watching televi sion programs has been her favourite she will opt to stay away. Gloom will persist on her face. Distress will go ahead to affecting her lifestyle. Sleep will become a great problem for her. She will start experiencing a state of persistent insomnia (Page et al. 2008). Emotional reactions are normally unhealthy and may contribute to other health problems. Mary may start to waste away so fast due to persistent stress, which leads to lack of sleep and lack of appetite. Emotions are very harmful. They result in irritability and restlessness. Even though she will come to terms with the condition, later on, she would have suffered a lot through emotional torments. Mary also portrays some cognitive response to the diagnosis. Cognitive responses to the results are evident in the way her mental state works. Such news tends to affect how an individual thinks, process information, and retain information. She starts acting weirdly. Cancer is mostly associated with Post Traumatic disorders (PTSD) and Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms (Mehnert, Koch, 2007). When distress, depression and anxiety increases, it results in life-threatening trauma. Such trauma tends to interfere with the working of the brain. It results from the fact that people diagnosed with such illness including Mary think as though their life is ending. Losing life in such a state brings extreme fear and anxiety (Cardenal et al. 2008). Unlike any other disease, cancer patients experiences guilt, the feeling of loss of control overwhelms them, confusions and sadness fills their life mostly when the illness becomes chronic. Mary like any other cancer patient is bound to experience similar effects. Thus as a cancer patient experiencing PTSD, Mary will suffer a lot of cognitive problems. She will have a big challenge in concentrating, mental disorientation, loss of memory, the problem in understanding and difficulty in reasoning and making a judgment. Apart from emotional responses and cognitive response that Mary suffers after the diagnosis, she is bound to portray some behavioural changes. Her behaviour will suddenly become queer. One of the most evident behavioural responses is the mood swings (Watson, Kissane 2011). Her moods will change anytime. At one moment she is happy and the next she is sad and sorrowful. About mood swings, Mary might also suffer from intense anger that in most cases make her cry uncontrollably. Thinking of breast cancer as one of the life terminating illness, cause such anger prompting her to weep profusely. In worst scenarios, Mary may start acting irrational. It is enhanced by the feeling of knowing that her life is in danger and she begins to act in a caring less manner. In addition to that, she may also portray anti-social behaviour (Bower, 2008). She will hardly associate with other people and spend most of the time on her own. Thus, breast cancer diagnosis severely affects Marys behaviour leading to extreme changes in her character. She becomes less associative and becomes disinterested in several things. Therefore, after the diagnosis, Mary experiences several effects in her life. She thus responds to them in three ways. One kind of response is observable in her emotions. This occurs immediately she receives the results. She feels shocked, depressed, anxious and fearful. In addition, Mary suffers cognitive problems, and she starts having problems with her memory like difficulty in concentrating, reasoning and making judgments (Testa et al. 2013). Lastly, her behavior is affected. She begins experiencing mood swings, being anti-social and having irrational behaviors. References Lappe, J. M., Travers-Gustafson, D., Davies, K. M., Recker, R. R., Heaney, R. P. (2007). Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduce cancer risk: results of a randomised trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 85(6), 1586-1591. Yang, X. R., Chang-Claude, J., Goode, E. L., Couch, F. J., Nevanlinna, H., Milne, R. L., ... Fasching, P. A. (2011). Associations of breast cancer risk factors with tumour subtypes: a pooled analysis from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium studies. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 103(3), 250-263. Holick, N., Newcomb, A., Trentham-Dietz, A., Ernstoff, L., Bersch, A. J., Stampfer, M. J., ... Willett, W. C. (2008). Physical activity and survival after diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers, 17(2), 379-386. Ferlay, J., Hry, C., Autier, P., Sankaranarayanan, R. (2010). Global burden of breast cancer. In Breast Cancer epidemiology (pp. 1-19). Springer New York. Page, A. E., Adler, N. E. (Eds.). (2008). Cancer care for the entire patient: meeting psychosocial health needs. National Academies Press. Mehnert, A., Koch, U. (2007). Prevalence of acute and post?traumatic stress disorder and comorbid mental disorders in breast cancer patients during primary cancer care: a prospective study. Psycho?Oncology, 16(3), 181-188. Cardenal, V., Ortiz-Tallo, M., Fras, I. M., Lozano, J. M. (2008). Life stressors, emotional avoidance and breast cancer. The Spanish journal of psychology, 11(02), 522-530. Watson, M., Kissane, D. W. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of psychotherapy in cancer care. John Wiley Sons. Testa, A., Giannuzzi, R., Daini, S., Bernardini, L., Petrongolo, L., Gentiloni Silveri, N. (2013). Psychiatric emergencies (part III): psychiatric symptoms resulting from organic diseases. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol , 17(Suppl 1), 86-99. Bower, J. E. (2008). Behavioural symptoms in patients with breast cancer and survivors. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 26(5), 768-777.

Pascal programming Essay Essay Example

Pascal programming Essay Paper Pascal Programming Arieus Green Professor Gary Smith Sam Houston State University Pascal was designed in 1968, but was no published until the 1970 by the mind of a man named Niklaus Wirth. Niklaus Wirth was born in Winterthur, Switzerland in 1934 were he attended Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich. Where he soon earns his degree in Electronic Engineering by the mid 1960s. Pascal was named based off the memory of the late Baise Pascal, a famous French Philosopher as well as a major mathematician (Bill Catambay). This particular language was inspired by Algol along with Simula 67. Although pascal resembles Algol, It far surpasses it in run precision and capabilities. Pascal was designed to be a straight forward block Structured programming. Pascal structurally sound functionality provided the way for several new languages we use today for example, Ada, Java, Modula and so many others. Pascal was design to farther educate the development of a systematically discipline construct. Pascal was initially designed to influence the practice of good or better program design. The language in particular is an imperative and procedural programming language (Bill Catambay). Imperative programming language simply describes the computation of each term as a statement. This important detail makes it easier to produce a programming code, it also has the capacity to use structure programming alongside with data structuring. All of these things take care of the clarity as well as the quality of each program written in pascal. By this time pascal has been at the top of its game being both reliable as well as efficient. Pascal is a strongly typed, block structure programming language (Bill Catambay). It has evolved with enough power to run home projects, commercial industries and many other entures. We will write a custom essay sample on Pascal programming Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pascal programming Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pascal programming Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Wirth was very particular when the designs were planned out. Much of the pascal language is similar to what we see in our C or Java languages. Some of its features make pascal easy to understand and maintain. The programming Structure of pascal consist of; program name, uses command type, declarations, Statements data object and or functions. Every Pascal program has a heading statement, a declaration and execution in that exact order. Basic syntax variable are placed in the beginning of a statement, followed by a definition of some sort. Declaring a variable s straight forward in the design of pascal. By using keywords like var allows the programmer a number of abilities. Which include declaring string, integers, records and other defining types. This is followed by the capability to use functions and procedures. In Pascal procedures are instructions to execute within the program with no return. Functions are similar in attributes with the exception of having a return value. Like Ada, Pascal is not case sensitive. Pascal Programs are generally formed by several statements. Every statement gives the program a Job by stating or defining xactly what that Job is. Each Job should consist of declarations, assignment, reading or writing data and taking logical statements. Similar to other languages, Pascal has words on reserved such as array, begin and end. These words you would not be allowed use as a variable and to declare any value. Pascal also has a number of different data types that include the standard, integer, real, Boolean and structured array records and file. These constants make it easier for the programmer to read. Pascal has the ability to use numerical, logical, string and character constants. Pascal as many other types, the enumerated type is a data type defined by the user. They give most value the qualification to be specified in a list. Pascal uses variable as a define storage space. Operators are used in every programming language in pascal uses as manipulations of mathematical or logical functionality. There is a list of operators used in pascal involving arithmetic, relations, Boolean, bit, set and string Operands. Each operand has a different responsibility and implementation. Pascal decision making is design for the programmer to specify all condition to evaluated and test by the program. All statements have to have a true or false result and or reroute to another statement of the programmers choice. Helping with these logic statement would me key words like if-then, if-then-else, nest-if statement and many more (Micheal Van Cannegt). These statements can lead one to a loop, where some code that is to be executed multiple times. A loop is usually executed in a specific order the first followed by the second and so on. Pascal also has loop control statement feature that will allow breaks which can call for the termination of a loop or any case statement that has out grown its parameter. Goto statements can transfer control but this feature is not often used. Programmer use a number of small sections of code called subprogram (Victor John Saliba). Every one of these subprograms preforms a particular task as modules. There are two kinds of subprograms function and procedure. Functions are small programs that have a single return value of some variety. Every pascal has to have as many as one function to call it a program and other smaller program to define added functionalities. Pascal functions usually consist of a header, the declaration and a body. The function eader has only two main objects, the keyword and the name of that function. There are many other part to a function, by which include the argument, this is often where the programmer calls the program and the formal parameters. The formal parameter could be an array, subprogram or structured variables. The declaration function simply speaks to the compiler giving it instructions on how to call that specific program it ultimately has the same attributes as the function subprogram. The difference being in the format of the keywords, which is procedure being one of them nstead of function. Pascal file handling capabilities are second to none and are very simple to generate. For instant, notice that there is not a word on reserve for the reading or writing to a file, the usual format to use is readln() or writeln(). When reading a file the base type could be an integer real, Boolean, enumerator, subrange, record, arrays each one but certain other file types. Pascal was a powerful language and tool in 1970s and has become a more advanced language over time. Pascal has been through a few update and changes to the language. In being this reliable and fficient Pascal will continue to be of use in the near future. References http://www. freepascal. org/advantage. var ftp://ftp. freepascal. org/pub/fpc/docs-pdf/ref. pdf, Reference guide for Free Pascal, version 2. 6. 2 Document version 2. 6. February 2013 http://www. pascal-central. com/ppl/chapter2. html. The Pascal Programming Language. Bill Catambay. 0 2001 Academic Press. http://pascal-programming. info/ index. php. pascal Programming. Victor John Saliba 2006. http://www. computerhistory. org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Niklaus,Wirth/ . Copyright 0 2013 Computer History Museum

Workplace and Drug Abuse Essay

Workplace and Drug Abuse Essay Workplace and Drug Abuse Essay This is a free example essay on Workplace and Drug Abuse: Drug abuse has been an ongoing problem that has plagued America. The ramped use of illegal drugs impacts our society in many ways. Drug abuse attributes to increases in violent crime, poverty, domestic violence, HIV, school drop out rate, homelessness, teen pregnancy, and increasing health costs due to health related problems. Since the beginning of the 19th century America has had a problem with drug abuse. During this time, morphine, cocaine, and heroin, were commonly used like aspirin is today. By the time the twentieth century cam along our nation was dealing with its first problem of increasing drug use. The use of opium became ramped in the United States as well. Eventually the government began to recognize the problem and put laws in place to regulate drug use (Carroll, 2002). By the time of World War II was in existence, drug abuse had basically come to a halt, and was not an issue as it was previously. That all changed with the onset of the 1960s. Marijuana and psychedelics were popular in the 1960s and was more widely accepted. Because of this newly, wide spread use, the government began to create federal agencies to aggressively enforce the federal laws that were in existence. These laws were put in place to regulate illegal drug use. Soon after the 1970s were here and so was cocaine. During the 1970s cocaine use was considered the drug of choice, it also brought along with it a new surge of violent crimes and increased addiction. There are many different factors in our society that have contributed to the support of drug abuse and drug use. One such reason is the need to satisfy our want of mental stimulation audio/ visually. People are surrounded, by items meant to grasp, or stimulate their attention. In todays society we are often stimulated by audio and visual stimulants. For example, the vast variety of video games, computers, television, DVDs, and CDs, are all geared to satisfy our desire for audio/visual pleasure. With all these items and so many varieties to choose from, the American public soon becomes desensitized by the over stimulation to the senses. Many of our children are bombarded with this type of mental stimulation and they soon become bored. The only other alternative to generate excitement is the use of drugs. Still others are finding it necessary to seek some type of religious experience and therefore are motivated to become closer to a higher power. There has always been a desire to find the meaning of life or to gain a deeper understanding of oneself and purpose in life. Some people feel so strongly about this that they resort to chemical substances in order to comprehend the world of the supernatural. Chemical substances that are psychoactive are usually used to achieve the desired state of being. Still others resort to using methods of fasting or subjecting the body to a rigorous test of endurance. Alcoholism is another problem that ranks highly in our nation of substance abuse. Traditional treatment for alcohol abuse usually involves a twelve -step program at a licensed treatment center. The use of psychedelic drugs has been used as a form of treatment for alcoholism. Our society is filled with elements, which are motivating factors for alcohol abuse. People who are heavy drinkers or abusers of alcohol do usually due to some form of anxiety. â€Å" Views on the amount of alcohol consumed correlated positively with anxiety created by various cultural circumstances. Anxiety contributes to alcoholic addiction in America (Jennings, 2003).† A great number of individuals are motivated by the need to find relief from psychological problems or personal problems. Other reasons which motivate the use of drugs are mental disorders which may have to be treated with a narcotic to eleviate the symptoms of the disorder. Our culture through the various forms of the media has glamourized drug use. This image of acceptance contradict the anti-drug messages that the youth of this country are being exposed to, through school, and advertisement paid for by anti-drug organizations. Teenagers have shown an increase in drug usage base on a study done by various government agencies and anti-drug organizations.Even though most teenagers have been well informed of the health risks and dangers of drug abuse, many still make a personal choice to use them. A study was done by NIDA, (National Institute on Drug Abuse),released on July 31,2002, which found a correlation between teen drug use and health issues occurring in early adult years. The study concluded that young adults in their twenties who had used drugs in their teens developed more health problems than those who had not ever used drugs. The type of problems these young adults experienced were sinus infections, colds, and similar respiratory problems. In addition they also had problems focusing, remembering, learning disabilities, plus, headaches, dizziness, and problems with their site. The study included over 600 young people and was done over a period of 22 years. This study reaffirms and supports the facts, stating there are long-term health risks with drug abuse and drug use (NIDA, 2002). Other studies have been done that report a large number of the mentally ill, use drugs or alcohol. Combing mental illness and substance abuse makes it difficult to treat an individual for their mental problems. For the mental health community, the rise in substance abuse has created new challenges in the treatment of mental illness. One major complication that arises, is the difficulty in diagnosing a person’s mental condition. American young people are using chemical substances in great numbers. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (April 2003), published the national results of the Monitoring the Future, annual survey. The survey is a report of students in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades and their current trends in drug use. The results indicated a decline in many illicit drugs, especially ecstasy. There was a significant decrease in smoking and drinking for all grades. Among 12th graders, an increase in tranquilizers and barbituates was reported. There is an ongoing emergence of new drugs in 2002, that are popular among teens. Included in this trend is an appearance of drugs coming back, that were popular in the 1960s, like LSD, for example. Most young people today are not familiar with the side effects and health risks of LSD. New drugs such as nitrite inhalants, PCP, Rohypnol, GHB, and ectasy are increasing in use. America will continue to struggle with the task of eliminating substance abuse. Studies conducted by the federal government and anti-drug organizations, will gauge the changes in current drug trends. It is apparent that research indicates a significant substance abuse epidemic within the young American community. According to the NIDA (April 2003), 53% of our youth have experiemented with illegal drugs by their 12 grade graduation. 57% of 12 graders have tried cigarettes, 27% currently smoke regularly. 78% of teens have tried alcohol, and 47% have done so by the 8th grade. Have there been decreases in drug use? Yes, there have been; along with the increase of new drugs. America has seen some positive trends with substance abuse, but how significant are these changes? Teenagers must constantly be made aware of the long term health risks of drug use.

Nature and Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nature and Technology - Essay Example This means that historians study human actions, what determines actions, and what actions bring about. What determines action has usually been considered to be mental phenomena such as beliefs, hopes, and desires, whereas what results from human activity has typically been taken to be artifacts and further activity. The focus of history, as a result, has emphatically been human beings. Apart from environmental determinists and historical ecologists or environmentalists of various stripes, nature has largely been ignored. Technology, moreover, has been almost universally construed as a means for furthering human ends, as artifacts people produce, together with the skills and knowledge these artifacts require and engender, so as to facilitate their lives. According to this way of thinking, technology, unlike nature, is part of history. It is so because it shapes, facilitates, and is brought about by human activity. Whatever is part of history has a history. On the standard line of thinking, consequently, there is a history of technology but not of nature. The history of technology is simply that slice of the total realm of human activity that is tied to technology. In addition to technological objects, this slice includes the actions that generate, use, or result from technology, the knowledge and skills technology requires and engenders, and, it should be added, the complexes of these matters that are given such designations as computer networks, assembly line manufacturing, medical practices, and scientific investigation. Nature, by contrast, is not, on the standard view, part of human history. Hence, it has no history. Or rather, any conception of nature as a historical entity or realm-such as those of Whitehead, Alexander, and contemporary biological evolutionary theory-works with an expanded notion of history that does not attribute to generic history any particular connection to humans a nd human history (for example, history as events in time, as development, or as contingency). On these wider conceptions, the history of nature simply is, or pertains to, the temporal course or development of nature. There is no history of nature as something peculiarly related to humans and their history. At best, nature and its history form a backdrop against which (human) history takes place. A variety of developments has begun to chip away at the hegemony of this general conception of (human) history. Most centrally, its subversion is part of the general reconsideration currently underway of the relationship between society and nature. It has become tenuous, theoretically, to construe this relationship either reductionistically or oppositionally. This development, in turn, challenges the opposition between history and nature that is a facet of the venerable concept of history and that parallels, and maybe depends on, the society-nature opposition. (Mitcham, 233) It should be stressed that activity remains crucial to history on this expanded conception of its domain. In the first place, actions, as the moments of practices, are absolutely central to practice-arrangement nexuses. More deeply, one condition of the existence of history qua the development of the social site (or, for that matter, qua the course of activity) is the historicity of the individual lives bound up with it. By the historicity of

Gender Analysis in a case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender Analysis in a case study - Essay Example The case study in Mexico simply highlights how gender is embedded in the improvement of sanitation and water availability in peri-urban and rural areas. The Joint programme on establishing effective and democratic water and sanitation management in Mexico used a conventional approach in upgrading the involvement of women in water related public institutions. This case study used the Moser framework because it focused mainly on the planning principles of those planning to incorporate gender into their work programs or projects. Moser (1993, 5) stated that those planning to do so lacked the needed planning doctrines and procedural tools. It emphasized on women’s participation in the local water management and their duties in boosting water access in the community. Men, women and the local authorities were advised on how to positively contribute in the improvement of water access in the community. Each of them was assigned particular roles in achieving these objectives and to be able to work simultaneously. The programme found this beneficial especially to the women because they felt appreciated to be able to be a part of the desired change. The Moser framework which is also referred to as the triple-roles framework merely provides different approaches towards attaining the same goal. It places priority on giving men and women roles for the economic development of their projects. It implements gender division of labor and gender distribution of resources. The community is expected to know which roles they play according to the resources they have (Candida, et al 1999). This framework provides a simplistic way of collecting women’s and men’s data while at the same time provide access and management to resources (Warren 2007). Using the proper methods to collect data is very important in any type of framework so as not to create any

Writing is an important thing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing is an important thing - Essay Example Writing helps students achieve goals and objectives related to other subjects within and without the teaching and learning environment. As a writer, I have come to understand that writing is not as easy as it appears. Writing can be as simple as one could think, or as complex as it could ever get. On the same note, forms of writing are many and different. For this reason, the experiences of a writer are broad in terms of scope, and these experiences show one’s creativity and imagination in writing. Personally, when I joined this class I did not know what defines a well-written essay. With the free writing assignment, however, I learnt proper essay writing through getting information, organizing the content, and targeting the intended audience. When writing, it is important to capture the intended main idea. Through free writing, I have learnt how to identify the main ideas from a given piece of writing. Main ideas give meaning to any written piece. On the same note, the style and strategy of presenting written work matters as far as the audience is concerned. In this respect, I have learnt to address major factors that improve the quality of writing. In so doing, I have become a more competent writer. Over and above improving the quality of writing, I have understood synthesizing, comparing, and contrasting information and/or content of written work. In the process, I have become a writer who thinks outside the box when presented with a piece of information and/or text.