The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness Essay Example

Question to answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Question to reply - Assignment Example Figure 1: Server tuning in to three customers at port number 1234 Question 2 There are fundamentally two kinds of attachment correspondence; association arranged and association less attachment correspondence. Association arranged attachment correspondence requires handshaking from the taking an interest finishes to build up a fruitful association. This sort of association requires bi-directional correspondence since both the gatherings need to partake to build up the association. Despite what might be expected, association less correspondence requires no such starting prerequisites to set up a devoted association between the partaking closes. Association less correspondence doesn't require the check of the nearness of the goal. Such associations don't give successful execution within the sight of less speed and more noteworthy obstruction in the earth. Stream attachments are utilized for association arranged attachment correspondence when unwavering quality is basic in the exchange of information and messages. Datagram attachments are utilized for association less correspondence when dependability isn't vital. Question 3 A progression of steps must be followed to empower fruitful correspondence between the customer and the server. The initial step includes the making of the attachment by making an object of the class Socket. The parameters in the formation of the attachment characterize the system convention that will be made. The subsequent advance is restricting the attachment to a system interface; this is finished by determining a residential area a port number. The third step is to associate with a remote server; it ought to be confirmed that the server is in listening state to provide food the solicitations of the customers. After a fruitful association, moving of information can happen by either send or get capacities. After the exchange of information and required tasks, it is a decent practice to close the attachment so the asset can be liberated. Que stion 4 The attachment is utilized to build up the association from the client’s side. An object of the attachment class is made to speak with the accessible server and send demands to it. The server attachment is utilized at the server side to tune in to all the items that need to speak with the server and send demands. The attachment server tunes in to customers that are bound to a similar port location as the server. Question 5 Threads are characterized as a lot of rationale and articulations that execute in disconnection from one another. As per Shaw (2011), there may be various strings in a multithreaded situation where they will be imparting processing assets to one another. Strings empower projects to work quicker and remain progressively receptive to client input. Each string is doled out a small amount of the time cut to execute and continue in its own arrangement of proclamations and orders. A scheduler has the obligation of doling out time cuts to all the strings. The elevated level conditions of strings are: prepared, running, pausing and dead. Figure 2: States of strings (eTutorials.org, 2008) Question 6 There are two fundamental techniques for strings that empower smooth execution all things considered and works; synchronization and planning. Synchronization: As expressed prior, numerous strings can exist in a multithreaded situation. The strings have their own registers and stack yet they may be sharing a few information or assets that would require checking for its consistency and exactness.

Hydrocodone Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, and Treatment

Hydrocodone Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, and Treatment Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print How Long Does Withdrawal From Hydrocodone Last? By Corinne O’Keefe Osborn linkedin Corinne Osborn is an award-winning health and wellness journalist with a background in substance abuse, sexual health, and psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Corinne O’Keefe Osborn Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 12, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 25, 2019 More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Signs and Symptoms Coping and Relief Warnings Long-Term Treatment Resources View All Back To Top Hydrocodone is a semi-synthetic opioid that works like codeine to relieve moderate pain. It is often prescribed in combination with products like Vicodin  or Lortab, which contain hydrocodone and acetaminophen. It is the most widely available opioid in the United States, which means that it is inexpensive and easy to come by. Many victims of the current opioid epidemic got their start with hydrocodone. Hydrocodone prescriptions have decreased in recent years, from  136.7 million prescriptions in 2013 to  83.6 million in 2017, but it is still the most commonly prescribed opioid in the United States. It is also one of the most widely  abused prescription pain killers.     Illustration by Cindy Chung, Verywell   Overview Data from 2017 shows that roughly  6.3 million people age 12 or older had misused hydrocodone in the past year in the United Statesâ€"amazingly, that is  2.3  percent of the population. Most of these people acquired the drug from someone they trusted, such as a doctor or family member. Unfortunately, hydrocodone misuse can quickly develop to dependence and addiction.   Anyone who is physically dependent on opioids will experience withdrawal if they abruptly discontinue their dose. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on how much you’ve been taking and for how long.  If you are currently taking a high dose of hydrocodone, or a mix of hydrocodone and other opioids, then quitting cold turkey is going to be really difficult. Even if you are on a lower, therapeutic dose of hydrocodone, the withdrawal is challengingâ€"expect a feeling similar to having the flu (the severity will vary), plus extreme psychological distress.  Without treatment, most people experience intense chills, cramps, and diarrhea, along with nausea, sweating, and agitation. You might feel like your heart is pounding out of your chest or like you will never sleep again. Runny noses and teary eyes are common. Some people feel extremely anxious, and others feel intense despair and hopelessness.   Opioid withdrawal isn’t easy, but it is quick. Symptoms typically subside within one week. Fortunately, there are medications that can get you through this period with minimal discomfort.   Signs and Symptoms Like all forms of opioid withdrawal, hydrocodone withdrawal is not simple. Experiences vary from person to person, but typically include some combination of physical and psychological symptoms. Your personal experience will be shaped by a number of factors, including: your current dose and how often you take ithow long you have been using opioids or other drugswhether or not you are mixing hydrocodone with other drugs, such as heroin, Oxycontin, alcohol, or benzodiazepinesyour willingness to seek treatment and support  your past experiences with substance abuseyour physical and mental health If you have been taking low doses of hydrocodone as directed by your doctor, then your withdrawal symptoms should be relatively mild. However, if you are a long-time poly-drug abuser, untreated withdrawal can be extremely uncomfortable.  For most people, hydrocodone withdrawal symptoms start about eight to 24 hours after their last dose. Withdrawal will come on slower if you are also using extended release opioids, like methadone or Oxycontin.   Common hydrocodone withdrawal symptoms include any of the following: Muscle, bone, and joint aches and painFlu-like feelingSweatingRunny noseHeadacheChillsNausea or vomitingCramping or diarrhea  Insomnia or disturbed sleepTeary eyesTremorsAnxiety or restlessness  GoosefleshHeart poundingAgitationSkin-crawling   If you are looking for a better idea of how mild symptoms compare to intense symptoms, take a look at this  opioid withdrawal scale. This is a tool that clinicians use to help them diagnose what stage of withdrawal their patients are in. For example, it shows that sweating can include anything from feeling flushed to sweat streaming down your face.   Opioid withdrawal symptoms typically peak on the second or third day after your last dose, then start getting better. Most people feel better after five to seven days.   Unfortunately, this isn’t always the end of it. Once acute withdrawal passes, some people experience something called protracted withdrawal, also known as post-acute-withdrawal syndrome (PAWS). Protracted withdrawal symptoms are much less severe and are mostly psychological in natureâ€"meaning that you won’t be physically ill. Instead, you may experience waves of depression that come and go or bouts of insomnia. Not everyone experiences protracted withdrawal, but those who do can expect symptoms to appear on and off for around six months.   Coping and Relief There are a number of steps you can take to ensure a smoother and less uncomfortable withdrawal experience. The best strategy for you will depend on your hydrocodone use patterns.   Tapering If you have been using hydrocodone as directed for the treatment of pain, then your doctor can help you develop a tapering schedule. Tapering your medication means taking progressively smaller doses over a period of several weeks. By incrementally decreasing your dose, you give your body time to adjust. While you may experience some withdrawal symptoms each time the dose is reduced, they should be relatively mild.   There is no standard tapering schedule, so it is important to work with your doctor to develop a schedule that fits your needs. As you reduce your dose, you may find that your pain returns. If so, talk to your doctor about alternatives. If you are struggling with an opioid addiction, however, attempts to taper your dose will most likely be unsuccessful.  Evidence-based treatments for opioid detox include medication-assisted treatment and symptom management.     Medications Medications like methadone and buprenorphine (Suboxone) can help prevent the symptoms of withdrawal and make it easier to get clean. These drugs are made with long-acting opioids that prevent withdrawal  without getting you high. Suboxone contains a mix of buprenorphine and naltrexone, an opioid antagonist. This means that it’s more or less impossible to abuse Suboxone to get high if injected. Suboxone can also prevent other opioids from getting you high, which reduces your chance of relapse.     Clonidine and lofexidine (Lucemyra) are two more prescription drugs used to treat the symptoms of hydrocodone withdrawal. Clonodine and Lucemyra, similar medications originally designed to treat high blood pressure, are used to treat symptoms like sweating, chills, rapid heart rate, and anxiety. They can also help reduce drug cravings. Since they contain no opioids, any doctor can prescribe these medications. This makes them much easier to acquire than methadone and buprenorphine.   Over-the-counter (OTC) medications that may make you more comfortable during withdrawal include: OTC pain relievers (Tylenol, Advil, Aleve)anti-diarrhea medications (Imodium, loperamide)antihistamines to help you sleep (Benadryl)  anti-nausea medications (Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate)nutritional supplements for anxiety (valerian root, chamomile)   Herbal You may have heard about another herbal medication called kratom that people buy online. Some opioid users have had success using kratom to treat the symptoms of withdrawal, but there are a number of risks involved. Doctors are just beginning to learn how kratom works, but it is already clear that kratom is essentially just another natural opioid (like opium). In 2018, the FDA issued a  warning against kratom, because they believe it has addictive and harmful properties.  There have also been reports of contaminated batches making people ill. Warnings Although  scientific evidence shows that medication-assisted treatment is the most effective way of treating opioid dependence, it is often surprisingly difficult to find. In fact, most people have trouble finding any substance use treatment at all. Lack of Treatment In 2017,  it was estimated that 20.7 million people in the United States needed substance use treatment, but only  4 million received it. Only a small number of those who did receive help got it at a facility offering medication-assisted treatment.  Treatment providers offering buprenorphine and methadone can definitely be difficult to find, but they do exist. It’s not an inability to find treatment that prevents people from getting help, rather it’s the belief that they don’t need help. Among the 20.7 million people who needed treatment for a substance use in 2017, only  one million actually  believed that they needed treatment. People typically underestimate the seriousness of their substance use disorder and overestimate their ability to “quit when they’re ready.”   At-Home Withdrawal Today, it is possible to detox from hydrocodone at home without help. Unlike alcohol or benzodiazepine withdrawal, opioid withdrawal isn’t dangerous. However, it is extremely difficult. Many people relapse within days or weeks of quitting. When you detox from hydrocodone, your tolerance level drops fast. If you were to relapse with your pre-detox dose, it could kill you.   There are some people in the recovery community who believe that abstinence-only is the best way to go. They believe that medication-assisted treatment is just “replacing one drug with another.” Although this is technically true, it’s not so simple. Medications that prevent withdrawal have been shown to reduce relapse and give you the opportunity to participate in therapy. Without taking the time to address the issues that led to your substance abuse, your chance of relapse will remain high.     Long-Term Treatment Your long-term treatment requirements will depend on the nature of your hydrocodone dependence. If you became dependent on opioids while taking them as prescribed by a doctor, you may not need any treatment after you get off the pills. If you are struggling with a substance use disorder, however, detox is only the first step on a long road.   If your goal is long-term sobriety, then you will need to put a lot of effort into relapse prevention. If you have tried to quit opioids before, then you know how easy it is to relapse after detox.  Research shows that the best way to prevent relapse is a combination of medication and psychotherapy.   Preventing Relapse With Medication Your long-term treatment plan may involve a maintenance dose of methadone or buprenorphine or a medication called naltrexone (Vivitrol). Naltrexone is only useful after you detox, once your body is free of opioids. A Vivitrol injection taken once per month will prevent opioids from having an intoxicating effect. This discourages opioid use, because if you use, you will be wasting time and money for nothing. Naltrexone can also help ease opioid cravings.   Preventative Psychotherapy Medication paves the way for the second leg of long-term treatment, psychotherapy. During talk therapy, you will learn to identify the thoughts, feelings, and actions that trigger your cravings. You will also develop the skills you need to handle those triggers in a healthy way. Many people choose to continue taking their medication indefinitely, but you can also tapper off after a few months or years. Therapy can prepare you for that transition.   There are many different types of treatment with varying levels of intensity. Places you can find help include:   addiction treatment centersresidential programs  community health clinicsyour primary care physiciana psychiatrist  a therapist in private practicemethadone clinicsdoctors certified to prescribe buprenorphine (Suboxone)   Resources If you or your loved one has a hydrocodone dependence, you will want to find a doctor or therapist who specializes in opioid use disorders. Check out this searchable directory from the  Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) or call SAMHSA’s national helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357).     Only certain doctors are allowed to prescribe buprenorphine (Suboxone). To find one in your area, check out this searchable directory.   If you want to know more about Narcotics Anonymous (NA) take a look at their  website. You can find a meeting near you with their  searchable directory.   A Word From Verywell   Hydrocodone withdrawal is not easy, especially if you have been abusing opioids for a long time. Don’t be discouragedâ€"there are ways to break the vicious cycle in which you feel trapped. Even if you have attempted detox several times before, you must keep up hope that the next one will work. If you want to get sober permanently, reach out for help. Find a treatment center offering evidence-based therapies like medication management. In addition, don’t let anyone shame you for taking a medication that treats your disease.  Make the best decisions for you and your recovery. How Narcotic Anonymous Works

Nike Marketing Strategy - 5981 Words

Professor Gregory F StiberBy: Brizaida Ribalta, Jessica Halsey and Shereen Hijazi | Nike, Inc. | Marketing Plan Project | Nova Southeastern University H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business amp; Entrepreneurship Assignment for Course: | MKTP 5005 – Introductory Marketing | Submitted to: | Gregory F Stiber | Submitted by: | Brizaida Ribalta, Jessica Halsey, Shereen Hijazi. | | | | | | | | | Date of Submission: August 30th, 2012 Title of Assignment: Term Project – Marketing Plan CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I†¦show more content†¦Today’s Nike Presently, Nike, Inc. is the leading global marketer of athletic needs. The company still sells footwear, but has expanded their operation to produce and sell performance equipment, and athletic and casual clothing and accessories. Products are sold through company-owned retail stores and online website, and through a combination of independent local and foreign distributers around the world. In addition to North America, the company has had to branch out their operating segments to Europe, Asia, and other developing countries. Nike, Inc., also has other four key business subsidiaries: Cole Haan, Hurley International, Converse, Inc., and Umbro, all makers of popular footwear or apparel. With the emergence of the latest fitness revolution, exercise and sports have transformed from recreation into a social indicator of prestige. The Nike organization believes that everyone is a potential athlete and the brand has come to represent success. Though the shoes may help one move better, its value proposition includes making one appear trendy and current. The company markets the sports-inspired lifestyle and further encourages this image through its marketing strategy and use of celebrity and professional athletes to endorse their products. In the mid 1980’s, the company joined forces with advertising agency Wieden + Kennedy to begin airing national commercials on television.Show MoreRelatedThe Marketing Strategy Of Nike2833 Words   |  12 PagesGrowth strategies are used by businesses to enhance their sales and produce various products that are aimed at their target market as well as building and improving each time to consume maximum profit. One of the strategies includes market penetration; this is when a business sells the same products to an existing market. This means that whatever the products the company are selling to a particular market are being sold effectively, this usually exists of basic products the company have producedRead MoreNike Marketing Strategy7428 Words   |  30 PagesDescription of marketing strategies applied by Nike Air Force 4.1 Challenges Forcing Nike to Focus More on Marketing Sportswear is defined primarily as apparel and footwear made for sports participation, though is now also includes casual clothes worn by people for daily activities (E. Ko, C. R. Taylor, et al., 2012). The sportswear market is one of the most price-competitive markets throughout the globe. Within the UK, items of sportswear are purchased by almost 90% of people under 35 years ofRead MoreThe Marketing Strategy Of Nike1428 Words   |  6 Pagesare very well polished in Nike. The owners know the correct trigger points of every class of consumer, and thus, the motivating push is given to the exact point. Emotional branding is used by Nike in several instances and this has been one of the vital areas of its operations. Nike’s position in the market is such that consumers upon hearing the name of Nike are sure that they shall be getting state-of-the-art products. Though there is no scale of comparison to say that Nike is better than the competitorsRead MoreNike Marketing Strategy1 853 Words   |  8 PagesNike s marketing strategy is an important component of the company s success. Nike is positioned as a premium-brand, selling well-designed and expensive products. Nike lures customers with a marketing strategy centering around a brand image which is attained by distinctive logo and the advertising slogan: Just do it.[40] Nike promotes its products by sponsorship agreements with celebrity athletes, professional teams and college athletic teams. However, Nike s marketing mix contains many elementsRead MoreNike Marketing Strategy4572 Words   |  19 PagesNike story Nike Clothing | Nike Shoes Men o Men Nike Footwear Women Women Nike Footwear Girls o Girls Nike Footwear Boys o Boys Nike Footwear Nike shoes and sportswear clothing Nike trademarks the â€Å"Swoosh† logo and the â€Å"Just Do It† slogan. Nike, the world’s leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel, was the birth-child of University of Oregon coach Bill Bowerman and runner Phil Knight. Founded in January 25, 1964 the company was originallyRead MoreMarketing Strategies For Nike And Adidas1317 Words   |  6 Pagesare many forms of strategies that a company can utilize to develop their product or service into the market industry. Not having a strategic plan or goal can be very challenging. Therefore, it is vital to have an idea of the business because this can affect how the consumers and customers interact with your business. Within this paper, promotional and advertising strategies will be discussed for the sports apparel of Nike and Adidas. According to the research, promotional strategy is a two-way interactionRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Nike, Inc. Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagescompanies use information from marketing to enhance their competitive advantages in their specific industries. When implementing a marketing strategy, the companies need to analyze their marketing information and understand and evaluate what is working and what isn’t working. The two companies are unique in categories of sporting apparel and footwear. They have also been able to perform better in designing apparel and athletic equipment. The marketing strategy of Nike, Inc. lies on its world imageRead MoreNike Marketing Strategy in India2431 Words   |  10 PagesWrexham, UK 15th November, 2012 To, The Marketing Director Nike, UK Subject: A study of changes in the Sportswear market in India in the past decade with focus on footwear sector. Analysis and suggestion about the marketing techniques that need to be implemented for the launch of a new product. The study also includes formulating a Pricing strategy and various promotional measures to be opted by Nike. In today s competitive market, companies always try to introduce differentRead MoreNike Golf Marketing Strategies Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive Summary NIKE, Inc. designs, develops, and markets footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessory products for men, women, and children worldwide. This marketing plan focuses on NIKE Golf and our market segments and the strategies we are using to gain more Hispanic customers and create consistent revenue growth in this area. Our specific focus on marketing NIKE Golf to the Hispanic community comes from the fast-growing buying power of Hispanics. Our marketing plan will meet those growing demandsRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Nike s Success895 Words   |  4 PagesNike is one of the most recognizable brands in the world. It is not only renown for its high quality athletic apparel but it is also known as one of the best manufacturers and designers for sporty fashion for both the gym and the streets. Nike is among the sole companies that took note that, â€Å"Americans are wearing yoga pants, running gear and basketball shoes not just to-and-from the gym, but also around town.† (Fortune). A ctive wear is suddenly chic. They noticed that Americans find that athletic

The Aeneid By Virgil Vs. Aeneas Essay - 1506 Words

In The Aeneid by Virgil, the main character Aeneas is born of Venus; he is the pious, loyal hero of Rome from Troy. The idea of a hero in Virgil’s epic poem was built upon a dual pillar structure of piety and loyalty. The ideal version of piety is exemplified in Aeneas, who often sacrifices his own loyalties to appease the gods. The other pillar that the book stands upon is loyalty to friends, family, the gods, and the future. These two pillars often clash and Aeneas must choose one over the other, Aeneas always chooses loyalty to the gods, referred to as piety, over any other loyalty that he has. The clash of these two virtues cause Aeneas to always be in action. Virgil defines action as the movement toward a goal. This paper will prove these definitions as well as how a person who holds Aeneas’ virtues would look like in the modern era. Piety being the most important virtue that Aeneas holds will be discussed first. Piety is defined through Aeneas as fidelity to the gods as well as always choosing their wants over his own. Piety in The Aeneid is shown in several ways though Aeneas, one way is that he calls out to the gods in his need. When he was confronted with a fire engulfing his fleet he calls out to Jupiter and requests that he save the fleet (125). This demonstrates Piety because Aeneas completely surrenders his fate to the hands of the gods. Another aspect of Aeneas’ piety is demonstrated in Book IV when Juno schemes to make Aeneas and Dido, the queen of Carthage,Show MoreRelatedVirgil vs. Homer in Underworld1569 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ How does Virgil deviate from Homer in the underworld, and why? When comparing â€Å"The Aeneid† to â€Å"The Odyssey†, it is impossible not to notice the similarity between Homer and Virgil s poems. Both heroes leave Troy, granted one barely escapes and the other leaves victoriously, and both in one sense or the other are trying to reach their home, whether it is the old or future home. The adventures of the two heroes are incredibly similar on a number of accounts with the trip to the underworld beingRead MoreThe Role of Fire in Romantic and Family Love on Reading the Aeneid1224 Words   |  5 Pageslove in Virgils epic Aeneid: the romantic, lustful love (as felt by Dido for Aeneas) and the grounded, honest, family love (as felt between Aeneas and Anchises). There is a dynamic relationship between the two sides of love which causes each to emphasize the other Ââ€" an emphasis that is facilitated by Virgils common use of fire and flame imagery to describe both types of love. Upon analyzing the lustful episode between Dido and Aeneas and the image of Aeneas fleeing troy bearing hisRead MoreOctavian, Anthony and Cleopatra: Propaganda and the ‘Myth of Actium1095 Words   |  5 Pagescementing Octavians position other than as a military victory, its political ramifications are represented by the notion of a fourth foundation of Rome, as alluded to by Virgil. By his own admission, Octavian was not a great general, but literature fails to portray this. The most significant alteration to fact is seen on the Shield of Aeneas . Octavian is shown commanding his army, the Senate and People with him, defending the Republic and all that it stands for. This comes at a time when he controlsRead MoreGreek And Roman Epic Poetry2910 Words   |  12 PagesWitkin Greek and Roman Epic Poetry 14 December 2014 I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this assignment. Caius Mergy According to Virgil’s Aeneid, the Rome of Caesar Augustus proves that the impression that gods exist and care for human beings is â€Å"nothing but a picture† (1.659) . Within the first half of the Aeneid, Aeneas seems to have no understanding of his fate or Rome’s fate. On the one hand, he misinterprets Dido’s frieze and does not comprehend how the line of heroes presentedRead MoreEssay about Aeneid vs. Odyssey2161 Words   |  9 PagesAeneid vs. Odyssey Both the Odyssey and the Aeneid share some similarities as epics; both describe the trials of a heroic figure who is the ideal representative of a particular culture. There are even individual scenes in the Aeneid are borrowed from the Odyssey. Yet, why are Odysseus and Aeneas so unlike one another? The answer is that the authors lived in two different worlds, whose values and perceptions varied greatly of a fundamental level. To illustrate, two common ideasRead MoreThe Role Of Religion On Roman Society3350 Words   |  14 PagesContents List of Figures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ V List of Tables†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. VI Abbreviations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦ VI 1. Introduction – The Origin of Roman Religion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 1.1 The Foundation Myths of Rome: Romulus vs. Aeneas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 1.2 Etruscan Influences on Roman Religion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 1.3 Roman Mysticism Pantheon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.. 4 2. The Signification of Religion in Roman Society†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 2.1 Domestic Religion.........................................

Athenian democracy and The roman empire Free Essays

The city-state of Athens was prosperous until, in 508 B.C., it became a democracy. We will write a custom essay sample on Athenian democracy and The roman empire or any similar topic only for you Order Now    With the change to democratic rule, the majority of the people had all the decision-making power, with the minority being left with no influence whatsoever. As a result, the majority became a ruling oligarchy whose disastrous decisions brought about Athens’ end.   Athens was forced into a series of wars, including that with Persia, and the Peloponnesian Wars. The oligarchy having made too many poor decisions, class warfare made its way onto the scene.   The poor fought to steal the wealth from the rich.   Division due to class warfare, and the overall lack of support and confidence in the ruling government, made it easy for Alexander the Great to defeat Athens in 338 B.C., thereby ending their democracy. 1 â€Å"Rome established a republic in 509 B.C.† 1   Under this new system, the Senators were elected by popular vote.   However, limits were placed on their power, as a sort of check-and-balance system.   This was a safeguard that left the people free, and under this freedom they prospered. Factors which contributed to the expansion of the Roman Empire included superior methods of warfare, superior building and architectural capabilities that linked the empire, and money enough to support and maintain a large army to conquer, and then defend, the newly gained territories. 2 The land was the means by which the money was earned for the empire. Though the Romans did not have the advantage of superior weaponry, or anything different from their enemies for that matter, they were capable of beating armies much larger than themselves.   As the empire expanded, roads and aqueducts were constructed that allowed the empire to be united despite the large territory.   In fact, some of these original roadways are still in use today. 2 As the Roman Empire continued to expand through additional conquered lands, they were able to maintain the stronghold by having adequate military on the boundaries of the empire, thus holding back the Barbarians who sought to encroach upon   the empire.   The Germans were always looking for a â€Å"way in.†   Another factor that contributed to the success of the Roman Empire were the â€Å"ideas of justice† they initiated.   These ideas of justice had already been formed into basic laws, which governed the entire empire, by 451 B.C.   These laws lay â€Å"down what one could and could not do.† 2   These self-same laws were written on 12 plates of bronze.   Today they are known as the Twelve Tables, and are the â€Å"first examples of written law.† The demise of the Roman Empire was greatly impacted by the greed, excessive spending, and over-taxation of the people by some of the latter emperors.   By the time that Commodus was assassinated, the imperial coffers were empty.   Other emperors, such as Caligula, wasted vast amounts of money on parties for the wealthy where food and drink was consumed to the point of vomiting. How to cite Athenian democracy and The roman empire, Papers

The Ethics of Marketing Nestles Infant Formula free essay sample

The Ethics of Marketing Nestles Infant Formula Introduction: †¢Issue in Question: 1. Nestle’s marketing of infant formula 2. First world product in a third world country †¢Marketing dilemmas 1. First world products in a third world market 2. Risk conditions are present 3. Can a product be marketed in an area that it cannot be guaranteed? †¢Evolution of a public issue 1. In 1970 an organized campaign was established by the Protein Calorie Advisory Group ( PAG) 2. The claim was that: â€Å"Nestle pushed its products to mothers, many of whom lived in circumstances that made the use of such products a highly risky adventure†. . Corporate advertisers by the infant formula companies had promoted the idea that bottle feeding was better than breast feeding †¢Circumstances: 1. The formula is sold in a powder form and must have a â€Å"clean† water supply Ex. Developing Nations have poor water quality and subject the child to disease 2. â€Å"Since the product must be mixed, preparation instructions are important and mother must be able to read. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ethics of Marketing Nestles Infant Formula or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unfortunately, the rate of illiteracy is very high in developing nations†. 3. The price of the formula caused the mothers to over dilute the formula in an attempt to stretch the formula for a few extra days. 4. Over diluting caused the baby to be malnourished †¢Peter Muller (journalist) 1. Travelled to Africa, in the early 1970’s to study allegations of market abuse 2. Sponsored by a British charity group called the â€Å"War on Want† 3. He published many article’s in 1974 titled â€Å"Baby Killers† 4. Nestle’s the largest producer of formula was targeted as being unethical because of his articles †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nestle Baby Killers† Switzerland Phase 1 of the evolution of a public issue 1. Reprint of the articles in Switzerland by a Swiss public action group, lead to a change in the tile of the articles to â€Å"Nestle Baby Killers† 2. Nestle sued the Swiss public action group and the case came to trial in Switzerland in 1975 †¢Phase2 of the evolution of the public issue 1. Gained public attrition for th e entire industry, not just Nestle 2. Eventually leading to a boycott against nestle in 1977 †¢High point of phase 2 1. The boycott convinced the staff of the United States senator Edward Kennedy to hold hearings 2. The hearings consisted of three groups of people i. People who had worked in developing nations ii. Experts in public health iii. Company representatives , Nestle’s head of the Brazilian operation’s and three American companies were represented by their corporate headquarters †¢Phase 3 of the evolution of the public issue 1. International action was taken by the Director General of the World Health Assembly i. Nestle and other industry members actively participated in negations ii. Nestle was the only company that public stated they would follow the code of the World Health Assembly if it was adopted †¢Phase 4 of the evolution of the public issue 1. â€Å"institutionalizing† i. World Health Assembly left many provisions questionable as to their interpretation ii. Nestle’s took it upon themselves to clear the unanswered interoperations by negotiating with the (people that are boycotting) â€Å"Nestles Boycott Committee† iii. Nestle implemented the policies they had agreed upon, and followed them lifting the boycott just a few years later.

Comparison of the Individual in Freuds Civilization and Its Discontents, Bufords Among the Thugs and Weirs The Truman Show

Comparison of the Individual in Freuds Civilization and Its Discontents, Bufords Among the Thugs and Weirs The Truman Show What is exactly is an individual? Dictionary.com defines an individual as follows:in*di*vid*u*aladj.a.Marked by or expressing individuality; distinctive or individualisticb.Special; particularc.Serving to identify or set apart (Dictionary.com)According to the dictionary, an individual is unique and therefore should be able to be set apart from others without much difficulty. The question at hand now is, does civilization remove the identifying aspects of unique individuals and mesh them into one similar entity? Throughout the literary works of Bill Buford and Sigmund Freud, as well as the film directed by Peter Weir, this question is met and answered. In Civilization and Its Discontents, Freud places particular stress on the fact that the individual cannot find pure happiness when placed in a civilization because it demands different things than that of the individual. Like Freud, director Peter Weir in his film, The Truman Show depicts Truman battling to find his own unique individu ality in a staged utopian civilization.Sigmund FreudBill Buford uses his book, Among the Thugs, to demonstrate how a civilization, which in his book is mainly symbolized by a violent mob, dissolves individual identity. His work shows how a civilization of individuals can accomplish things never thought capable of being done alone. Freud's work implies that individuality poses a conflict with civilization demands and therefore civilization should be abandoned. Along with Freud, Wier focuses on Truman's struggles between his fake life and his individual dreams. Buford, writes about his struggles and pressures to join somewhat of a civilization and focuses on demonstrating the transition of an individual into an altered and somewhat forced character demanded by a surrounding society.In Civilization and Its Discontents, Freud states his views on the broad question of man's place in the world. Freud characterizes the world as an...

Some of the Worst Slang Terms From 2010

Some of the Worst Slang Terms From 2010 New slang words pervade language in popular culture every year, often times to much chagrin by literary figures and average joes alike. For as long as the written language has existed, colloquial errors and usages have appeared and been met by harsh criticism before eventually being adapted into the living, spoken English vernacular. People have various reasons for disliking (or downright loathing) certain words. It may be a  buzzword  that has worn out its welcome (such as paradigm  or   proactive). Or an overly familiar  redundancy  (like added bonus and future plans), mispronunciation (nuc-u-lar for nuclear), or  usage  error (between you and  I). Some of us have zero tolerance for elision (definally for definitely, malapropisms (mitigate for militate), minced oaths (like frak), blends (like bromance) or verbing (to effort or Incent). Sometimes the hostility gets personal - as with expressions favored by an ex-spouse like couch potato or a dimwitted boss who spouts buzzwords like bottom line.   These verbal peeves, known as logomisia, become the center of conversations about language in any given year. In 2010 alone, over 200 phrases came to be used in the common vernacular of United States culture. However, peeves such as these have existed as long as language has been shared between people. It was really only with the advent of the Internet that these slang words began to rapidly populate common discourse. Language Peeves of Famous People Throughout History English is a living, evolving language, so its only natural that it continues to expand every year. However, much of this expansion was and continues to be met by critical dissent. In fact, many of our modern common expressions were once the source of fierce debate by linguists and literary scholars. Sometimes, though, famous people simply disliked a word, usage or phrase.   F or instance,  Jonathan Swift hated the word bowels, and Gloria Swanson, star of the movie Sunset Boulevard, hated the word glamor  while the character she played, Norma Desmond, hated comeback. Chicago newspaper columnist Mike Royko hated the word relationship wherein he claimed it was the kind of sterile word used by lawyers and sociologists and other menaces. Even the very arts some people worked in had words the artists disliked. Even though she wrote both, Carson McCullers hated the words prose and poetry. British novelist V.S. Naipaul hates the word novel, documentary filmmaker Irving Saraf hates documentary, and news anchor Katie Couric describes the word panties as a cheesy word for underpants. Of course, many of us claim to hate the word hate itself, too. Confusing, right? Popular Slang Words and Phrases in 2010 Lets agree to disagree, popular slang is sometimes all the sudden absolutely† overwhelming in its misuse or misappropriation of commonly understood words. From using â€Å"access† as a verb to changing the name of illegal immigrants to â€Å"illegal aliens,† the slang of 2010 certainly did â€Å"aim high† at changing the face of modern discourse. Even â€Å"ASAP† and â€Å"Obamacare† entered the spoken vernacular of the â€Å"American consumer† in 2010. According to the logic of 2010, on your next â€Å"birfday† all you need to do is â€Å"chillax† and eat some â€Å"cold slaw† (instead of coleslaw - â€Å"brain fart!†). The next time someone asks â€Å"and you are?† when they’re trying to â€Å"conversate† with you, the blame will rest entirely on 2010 vernacular and not the person’s poor manners. They may even â€Å"axe† you a question, but they meant â€Å"no offense.† Just don’t take â€Å"are you serious?† seriously or you’ll get â€Å"gobsmacked† by some â€Å"iconic† irony. Just tell them, â€Å"I’m good† or their next big idea is â€Å"to die for† and you’ll be right on your way to the â€Å"basic fundamentals† of a good conversation. It â€Å"might could even† evolve into a â€Å"bromance!† Don’t forget to â€Å"friend† (as a verb) them on Facebook after if you really â€Å"heart† them. â€Å"Anyways,† â€Å"just so you know,† this entire section was written with slang from 2010 in quotes. â€Å"Awesome possum!† We’re done here.

Production and Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Production and Operation Management - Essay Example Although the food you eat from Baja Fresh costs you double as you pay in McDonalds, but it is worth it. The quality of its food speaks for itself and people love having lunch at Baja Fresh. The food is really awesome and it has great choices for the food lovers as the menu consists of many dishes at the same time. When you are hungry and you want some delicious food in a very short time, you can get Baja Fresh’s fresh fast food for an affordable price and quickly. Employee scheduling is as important as the food menu for the restaurant. Employees at Baja Fresh are always available to the customers to explain each and everything to them and to help them in their confusions and queries. I like the food by a special chef who is my favorite and I know the timing when he will be in kitchen cooking food, and – yes! – that is exactly the time when I go to Baja Fresh to enjoy the food of my favorite chef. Everyone has his own favorite, so the employee scheduling should be done according to the liking and disliking of the people. Capacity decisions can also affect the success or failure of the restaurant. Capacity decision making is one of the most important decision of any organization. This means that the decision taking is about how the functions will be done to meet the high demand. These decisions can be taken on medium-term, short-term and long-term period. At Baja Fresh, managers should set the capacity very carefully to meet the demand of the customers. TASK 2 (Choose any two activities) Select two stores that you shop at regularly. What competitive advantages do those stores have over their competitors that cause you to shop there rather than at the competitors’? Develop your personal mission statement, with supporting goals. Interview a manager or the chief operating officer of a company about the company’s main strategy. Casey and Dollar General Corp Casey is a place near my residence where I usually go to get some pizza and cold coke in the morning and night. It is a part of my daily routine and I like its pizza. Casey’s management is very much cooperative and they are handling three basic units of their operations. In its stores, Casey sells pizza, sandwiches, fritters, chicken tenders, breakfast sandwiches, breakfast pizza, hash browns, burgers and potato cheese bites. Take your time to think about this. Casey is, in a sense, a restaurant disguised as a gas station.  Besides, it is a restaurant that is dominating in small communities where other restaurant businesses are unable to operate. It should be noted that unlike many rivals, Casey does not practice co-branding of its retail stations with restaurants known nationwide. The biggest risk to Casey’s investors is the lack of a margin of safety at current prices. On the other hand, Dollar General Corp. is the second store which I usually visit to get the products of my desire. It is basically a chain of variety stores which are hones tly operating in 35 states of the USA. Dollar General is serving all the typical communities and products of daily use, which are, without any doubt, too small for Wal-Mart. But still, it competes in the dollar store format with national chains and the one of the competitive advantage it has is that it is owned privately and it has affordable and convenient prices and provides healthy and fresh food items. Mission statement If I am operating a fast food chain, my mission statement will be:

Policy Problem Statement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy Problem Statement - Assignment Example Hansen (2013) asserts that the state allocates funding to older adults acre givers that any other population group. An increase in their population would increase the budgetary allocation of funds to this population group. Walshe & Ham (2011) are also of the assumption that the consumption of health services by older adults may be significantly altered by a major population growth. The author supports the argument by pointing out that, the shortage being experienced in the health workforce may have native effects to the growing population of older adults (McKenzie, Neiger & Thackeray, 2012). The number of increased older adults can be a matched to the decrease in the number of caregivers. The development of these two trends may decrease supply and increase the demand of health services (Perlino, 2006). Considering the forecasted growth by 2050, the government and health stake holders should put in place measures to limit negative effects that may be caused by the growth of the older adult

Adopt a Child :: Essays research papers, Adoption

Adopt-A-Child, Inc., is a licensed, non-profit adoption agency dedicated to the ideal of bringing together couples or individuals seeking to build their families with foreign-born infants or children who need homes. The children we identify for adoption have been irrevocably released by their parents or other relatives due to death or abandonment. These youngsters are orphans according to U.S. and international legal definitions. Therefore, in accordance with the laws of both countries concerned, they are fully available for adoption. Our staff of trained social workers have completed numerous adoptions with couples and individuals throughout the United States and with U.S. citizens abroad. We support and educate our clients, empowering them to make the best decision for their particular situations. Our focus throughout the process is on social service, to ensure the best possible adjustment of children and parents to their new families. Adopt-A-Child has developed a strong network of relationships with adoption officials in many foreign countries, gaining a reputation for unquestionable reliability and integrity. In each of these countries we have developed a trained, experienced and well-supervised staff with whom we communicate closely, and are able to direct via phone, fax, and e-mail. We also make regular visits to the countries from which we adopt in order to monitor operations, visit orphanages and to meet with adoption officials. We are a full-service agency providing not only adoption assistance but also pre- and post-adoption support counseling. Among our services, we maintain a very active parents network to provide a forum for education, socialization, recreation and mutual support.

The King’s Speech

The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays King George VI, who, to overcome his stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an unorthodox Australian speech therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The two men become friends as they work together, and after his brother Edward VIII abdicates, the new king relies on Logue to help him make a radio broadcast at the beginning of World War II. David Seidler began reading about George VI after overcoming his own stammer during his youth and, using informed imagination, wrote about the men's relationship. Nine weeks before filming, Logue's notebooks were discovered and quotations from them were incorporated into the script. Principal photography took place in London and other locations in Britain, in December 2009 and early January 2010. The film was released in the United States on 24 December 2010 and in the United Kingdom on 7 January 2011. The King's Speech was the highest earning film for three weekends in a row at the British box office. It has been widely praised by film critics for its visual style, art direction and acting. Other commentators discussed the film's misrepresentation of the historical events it portrays, in particular the reversal of Winston Churchill's opposition to abdication. The film received many awards and nominations, mostly for Colin Firth. The film was nominated for seven Golden Globes, winning Best Actor – Drama for Firth. Furthermore, the film also nominated for fourteen BAFTAs, the most of the other films, winning seven, including Best Picture, Best Actor for Firth, and both Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress for both Geoffrey Rush and Helena Bonham Carter, respectively. The film was also nominated for 12 Academy Awards, the most of the other films, and ended up winning four, all in the major categories including Best Picture, Best Director for Tom Hooper, Best Actor for Firth and Best Original Screenplay for David Seidler Plot. The film opens with Prince Albert, Duke of York, known to his wife and family as â€Å"Bertie† (played by Colin Firth), the second son of King George V, speaking at the close of the 1925British Empire Exhibition at Wembley Stadium, with his wife Elizabeth (Helena Bonham Carter) by his side. His stammering speech visibly unsettles the thousands of listeners in the audience. The prince tries several unsuccessful treatments and gives up, until the Duchess persuades him to see Lionel Logue (Geoffrey Rush), an Australian speech therapist in London. In their first session, Logue requests that they address each other by their Christian names, a breach of royal etiquette. At first, the Duke is reluctant to receive treatment, so Logue agrees to make a bet with him that, if the Duke keeps coming to his sessions and they prove effective, he will give him a shilling. He convinces Bertie to read Hamlet's â€Å"To be, or not to be† soliloquy, while listening to the overture from Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro on headphones, so that he cannot hear himself talk. Logue records Bertie's reading on a gramophone record, but convinced that he has stammered throughout, Bertie leaves in a huff. Logue offers him the recording as a keepsake. After King George V (Michael Gambon) makes his 1934 Christmas address, he explains to his son the importance of broadcasting for the modern monarchy in a perilous international situation. Later, after a frustrating discussion with his father, Bertie plays Logue's recording and hears himself making an unbroken recitation of Shakespeare, which amazes both him and the Duchess. He returns to Logue, and they work together on muscle relaxation and breath control, while simultaneously probing the psychological roots of his stammer. The Prince reveals some of the pressures of his childhood: his strict father; the repression of his natural left-handedness; a painful treatment with metal splints for his knock-knees; a nanny who favoured his elder brother – David, the Prince of Wales, deliberately pinching Bertie at the daily presentations to their parents so he would cry and his parents would not want to see him; and the early death in 1919 of his little brotherPrince John. As the treatment progresses, the two become friends and confidants. [pic] [pic] Colin Firth and Helena Bonham Carter as the Duke and Duchess of York On 20 January 1936 George V dies, and David, the Prince of Wales (Guy Pearce) accedes to the throne as King Edward VIII, but he wants to marry Wallis Simpson (Eve Best), an American divorcee socialite, which would provoke a constitutional crisis. At a party in Balmoral Castle, Bertie points out that Edward cannot marry a divorced woman and retain the throne; Edward accuses his brother of a m edieval-style plot to usurp his throne, citing Albert's speech lessons as an attempt to ready himself. Bertie is tongue-tied at the accusation, and Edward resurrects his childhood taunt of â€Å"B-B-B-Bertie†. At his next session, the Prince has not forgotten the incident. In an attempt to console him, Logue insists that Bertie could be king and says the shilling of their wager should bear the Duke's head as monarch. Bertie accuses Logue of treason and, in a temper, he mocks Logue's failed acting career and humble origins, causing a rift in their friendship. When King Edward abdicates to marry, Bertie becomes King George VI. Feeling overwhelmed by his accession, the new King realises that he needs Logue's help and he and the Queen visit the Logues' residence to apologise. When the King insists that Logue be seated in the king's box during his coronation in Westminster Abbey, Dr Cosmo Gordon Lang, the Archbishop of Canterbury (Derek Jacobi), questions Logue's qualifications. This prompts another confrontation between the King and Logue, who explains he had begun by treating shell-shocked soldiers in the last war. When the King still isn't convinced about his own strengths, Logue sits in St. Edward's Chair and dismisses the Stone of Scone as a trifle, the King remonstrates with Logue for his disrespect. The King then realises that he is as capable as those before him. Upon the September 1939 declaration of war with Germany, George VI summons Logue to Buckingham Palace to prepare for his radio speech to the country. As the King and Logue move through the palace to a tiny studio, Winston Churchill (Timothy Spall) reveals to the King that he, too, had once had a speech impediment but had found a way to use it to his advantage. The King delivers his speech as if to Logue, who coaches him through every moment. As Logue watches, the King steps onto the balcony of the palace with his family, where thousands of people assembled for the speech applaud him. A final title card explains that, during the many speeches King George VI gave during World War II, Logue was always present. It is also explained that Logue and the King remained friends, and that, â€Å"King George VI made Lionel Logue a Commander of the Royal Victorian Orderin 1944. This high honour from a grateful King made Lionel part of the only order of chivalry that specifically rewards acts of personal service to the Monarch. â€Å" The King’s Speech The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays King George VI, who, to overcome his stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an unorthodox Australian speech therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The two men become friends as they work together, and after his brother Edward VIII abdicates, the new king relies on Logue to help him make a radio broadcast at the beginning of World War II. David Seidler began reading about George VI after overcoming his own stammer during his youth and, using informed imagination, wrote about the men's relationship. Nine weeks before filming, Logue's notebooks were discovered and quotations from them were incorporated into the script. Principal photography took place in London and other locations in Britain, in December 2009 and early January 2010. The film was released in the United States on 24 December 2010 and in the United Kingdom on 7 January 2011. The King's Speech was the highest earning film for three weekends in a row at the British box office. It has been widely praised by film critics for its visual style, art direction and acting. Other commentators discussed the film's misrepresentation of the historical events it portrays, in particular the reversal of Winston Churchill's opposition to abdication. The film received many awards and nominations, mostly for Colin Firth. The film was nominated for seven Golden Globes, winning Best Actor – Drama for Firth. Furthermore, the film also nominated for fourteen BAFTAs, the most of the other films, winning seven, including Best Picture, Best Actor for Firth, and both Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress for both Geoffrey Rush and Helena Bonham Carter, respectively. The film was also nominated for 12 Academy Awards, the most of the other films, and ended up winning four, all in the major categories including Best Picture, Best Director for Tom Hooper, Best Actor for Firth and Best Original Screenplay for David Seidler Plot. The film opens with Prince Albert, Duke of York, known to his wife and family as â€Å"Bertie† (played by Colin Firth), the second son of King George V, speaking at the close of the 1925British Empire Exhibition at Wembley Stadium, with his wife Elizabeth (Helena Bonham Carter) by his side. His stammering speech visibly unsettles the thousands of listeners in the audience. The prince tries several unsuccessful treatments and gives up, until the Duchess persuades him to see Lionel Logue (Geoffrey Rush), an Australian speech therapist in London. In their first session, Logue requests that they address each other by their Christian names, a breach of royal etiquette. At first, the Duke is reluctant to receive treatment, so Logue agrees to make a bet with him that, if the Duke keeps coming to his sessions and they prove effective, he will give him a shilling. He convinces Bertie to read Hamlet's â€Å"To be, or not to be† soliloquy, while listening to the overture from Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro on headphones, so that he cannot hear himself talk. Logue records Bertie's reading on a gramophone record, but convinced that he has stammered throughout, Bertie leaves in a huff. Logue offers him the recording as a keepsake. After King George V (Michael Gambon) makes his 1934 Christmas address, he explains to his son the importance of broadcasting for the modern monarchy in a perilous international situation. Later, after a frustrating discussion with his father, Bertie plays Logue's recording and hears himself making an unbroken recitation of Shakespeare, which amazes both him and the Duchess. He returns to Logue, and they work together on muscle relaxation and breath control, while simultaneously probing the psychological roots of his stammer. The Prince reveals some of the pressures of his childhood: his strict father; the repression of his natural left-handedness; a painful treatment with metal splints for his knock-knees; a nanny who favoured his elder brother – David, the Prince of Wales, deliberately pinching Bertie at the daily presentations to their parents so he would cry and his parents would not want to see him; and the early death in 1919 of his little brotherPrince John. As the treatment progresses, the two become friends and confidants. [pic] [pic] Colin Firth and Helena Bonham Carter as the Duke and Duchess of York On 20 January 1936 George V dies, and David, the Prince of Wales (Guy Pearce) accedes to the throne as King Edward VIII, but he wants to marry Wallis Simpson (Eve Best), an American divorcee socialite, which would provoke a constitutional crisis. At a party in Balmoral Castle, Bertie points out that Edward cannot marry a divorced woman and retain the throne; Edward accuses his brother of a m edieval-style plot to usurp his throne, citing Albert's speech lessons as an attempt to ready himself. Bertie is tongue-tied at the accusation, and Edward resurrects his childhood taunt of â€Å"B-B-B-Bertie†. At his next session, the Prince has not forgotten the incident. In an attempt to console him, Logue insists that Bertie could be king and says the shilling of their wager should bear the Duke's head as monarch. Bertie accuses Logue of treason and, in a temper, he mocks Logue's failed acting career and humble origins, causing a rift in their friendship. When King Edward abdicates to marry, Bertie becomes King George VI. Feeling overwhelmed by his accession, the new King realises that he needs Logue's help and he and the Queen visit the Logues' residence to apologise. When the King insists that Logue be seated in the king's box during his coronation in Westminster Abbey, Dr Cosmo Gordon Lang, the Archbishop of Canterbury (Derek Jacobi), questions Logue's qualifications. This prompts another confrontation between the King and Logue, who explains he had begun by treating shell-shocked soldiers in the last war. When the King still isn't convinced about his own strengths, Logue sits in St. Edward's Chair and dismisses the Stone of Scone as a trifle, the King remonstrates with Logue for his disrespect. The King then realises that he is as capable as those before him. Upon the September 1939 declaration of war with Germany, George VI summons Logue to Buckingham Palace to prepare for his radio speech to the country. As the King and Logue move through the palace to a tiny studio, Winston Churchill (Timothy Spall) reveals to the King that he, too, had once had a speech impediment but had found a way to use it to his advantage. The King delivers his speech as if to Logue, who coaches him through every moment. As Logue watches, the King steps onto the balcony of the palace with his family, where thousands of people assembled for the speech applaud him. A final title card explains that, during the many speeches King George VI gave during World War II, Logue was always present. It is also explained that Logue and the King remained friends, and that, â€Å"King George VI made Lionel Logue a Commander of the Royal Victorian Orderin 1944. This high honour from a grateful King made Lionel part of the only order of chivalry that specifically rewards acts of personal service to the Monarch. â€Å"

Leadership theories and the role of icuenglish - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1696 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Leadership is amongst the most discussed topics in the social sciences (Avolio et al., 2003 and Bass, 1990). The earlier theories started with the great men concept and focused on the personality and the behaviour of successful leaders while the later focused on the role of followers and contextual factors. In light of these shifts, in the first section, this essay will review some of the leadership theories and the relationship between the leadership and the culture creation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Leadership theories and the role of icuenglish" essay for you Create order Bearing in mind the relevant leadership theories one may ask what is the role of a leader in a start-up enterprise? This essay argues that a leader is the architect of a start-up enterprise and has significant influence on all the decisions and shapes the future of the company. Therefore, in the second section, this essay will present leaders role on corporate branding and how he/she shapes the companys characteristics by influencing all the aspects at the early stages of company life cycle. Review of leadership theories According to Johnson (2009), Machiavelli might have been the first person to write about leadership phenomenon but it has started with the great man theory introduced by Carlyle in 1840s. Carlyle (1888) believed that leaders are exceptional people who born with distinctive qualities and destined to lead. However, this theory lacked in application as the study was based on historical leaders who have certain physical characteristics and achieved the power through birthright (Johnson, 2009). Nevertheless, some authors followed the great man theory route but focused on the common key characteristics of the successful leaders to identify list of traits such as self-confidence, desire to influence others, adaptability, intelligence and so on (Bolden et al., 2003). This stream of research came to a dead end as each study contributed a new trait to the theory and it was difficult to measure traits (Bolden et al, 2003). In his seminal review of trait theories, Stogdill (1948) concluded tha t leadership is a result of working relationship between the leader and followers. Eventually, after this study, trait theory evolved into a study of leadership behaviours (Johnson, 2009). Behaviour theories concentrated on different styles and behaviours that leaders use and how they contributed to followers performance, satisfaction and quality () simultaneously, skills theories showed that leadership could be learned (Katz, 1955). Despite the fact that behaviour and skills theories provided guidance to develop leadership skills and behaviours (Katz, 1955; Stogdill, 1947) they lacked in guiding what initiates effective leadership in different situations (Fiedler, 1964) therefore situational/contingency theories took the lead in 1964 through Fiedlers research. These theories indicated that style that leaders use depends on the situation, the task, the organisation, the people and the other external variables (Fiedler, 1964). The trait, skills and behaviour theories discussed ana lysed the leadership from the perspective of leader; situational/contingency theory considered follower and context; but the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory introduced by Graen and Cashman (1975) conceptualises leadership as an interaction between leaders and followers and how leaders get work done through personal relationships with different employee groups. Similarly, during the same period, Greenleaf (1977) introduced servant leadership, which analysed the leader-followers relationship but concluded that leaders do not necessarily need to be formally recognised as leader. Leader can be anyone from any level within an organisation as long as he/she understands followers needs and help them fullfil (Greenleaf, 1978). Also, Burns (1978) analysed the leader-followers interactions and proposed transformational leadership concept which can be described as the process which leaders consider followers and inspire them to contribute and become more committed through using their perso nal charisma, individual attention to followers and intellectual stimulation. Bass (1985) further developed the concept by placing the theory more into organisational context (Ensley et al., 2006) As one can observe from the leadership review, there have been many different definitions of leadership as there are authors writing about it (Stogdill, 1974; Fiedler 1971a). Therefore, this essay defines the leadership as the nature of influencing process and its outcomes that result from leader-followers interaction (Antonakis et al., 2004). Hence the leaders characteristics, skills, behaviour, beliefs and the way they interact with the followers are vital for the company and its future therefore in the next section, this essay will discuss the influence and the role of leader in a start-up enterprise from the corporate branding perspective. Role of leader in corporate branding of ICUEnglish at start-up stage The corporate branding is considered to be the unique characteristics of a firm (Esch et al., 2004) which is the combination of the core values that the firm has (Rode and Vallester, 2005), employee behaviour (Bergstrom et al., 2002), internal and external communications with the stakeholders (Argenti, 1998) and set of symbolic representations (Balmer, 1995). According to Timmons (1999) start-up enterprises are raw entities without any organisational structure, culture or system and if they do not have a well-structured and planned corporate branding, they cannot survive in the market. Hatton and Raymond (1994) and Miller and Droge (1986) argue that the impact of leaders on firms may not remain constant over time; rather, the impact should be stronger when the firm is small and/or young because of the greater managerial discretion the leaders possess at this stage. Generally, in start-up enterprises, founder is the business and carry out everything directly and supervise subordi nates (Churchill and Lewis, 1983). As the firm go through different stages of growth, leader delegate certain job roles to the managers and as a result, he/she adopt different leadership style. For example in the early stages, leaders ability and expertise to handle the job gives life to the business however delegation is not important as there are few employees. Nevertheless, as the company grow, leader move from being the business to managing the company and the employees. Entrepreneurs values and advocacies can be implanted into the organisations culture and influence the entire team of employees over many years, even after the founders retirement or death (Baron and Shane, 2007). Therefore getting things right at the beginning and building the new venture on a strong foundation is key to the successful and strong future. One of the most important functions of a leader is to articulate and communicate a compelling vision that will motivate and energize people toward the fut ure. Idealistic visions inspire and energise people because employees want to work toward something greater than just making money for shareholders. Good leaders are always looking forward, setting a course for the future and getting everyone moving in the same direction. Good leaders are responsible for knowing the organisational environment, considering what it might be like in 5 or 10 years, and setting a direction for the future that everyone can believe in. the complexity of environment and the uncertainty of the future can overwhelm a leader therefore they might focus on internal organisational issues rather than strategically activities. (shared-leadership might play role here). According to study presented by Daft (2008), on average, senior executives spend less than 3% of their energy on building a corporate perspective for the future. Mission is the organisations core broad purpose and reason for existence. Whereas visions grow and change, the mission persists in the face of changing technologies, economic conditions and other environmental shifts. It serves as a glue that holds the organisation together in times of change and guides strategic choices and decisions about the future. Founders should create and grow their businesses with the expectation in mind that someday they may find it necessary to step down from their leadership position for the goof their company (Ling et al., 2007) Edgar Schein, a corporate culture pioneer, asserts that while leaders create culture in the early stages of an organization, culture creates leaders as an organization matures. He suggests that culture is deep, broad, and stable. It can be an unconscious determinant of who gets hired, who gets promoted and rewarded, and indeed, how the vision, mission, and strategy are lived. Founders perspective, beliefs and experiences strongly shape the corporate identity (Wickham, 2001), his or her behavious is an example to employees, the sytle of leadership chrac terises the atmosphere within the company and personal attitude is decisive for the rpocess of hiring new employees. Bring the influence of leaders and job division Founder structures the corporate branding (Wickham, 2001) but in order to inspire follower and encourage development of respect and trust among employees, he/she must be consistent with the decisions and actions (Pielstick, 1998). However, considering the other overloads on leaders shoulder such as product development, networking and finance, in addition to uncertainty, it becomes harder to keep in balance and stick to the corporate identity. Therefore, as Rode and Vallaster (2005) concluded, despite to initial corporate branding, leaders tend to change certain aspects of corporate branding according to market response and consumer needs. Leaders can use the advantage of being small, agile and flexible to change company structure at early stages, which shows the use of different leadership style however again its lead ers vision that shape the companys strategies and the future. Conclusion Link the mission to corporate image. Corporate identify expresses the internal part of corporate branding whereas the corporate image shows the reflection of corporate identity on external stakeholders. Corporate culture sits at the heart of corporate identitys and its major elements including mission statement, vision and core values (Birkigt and Stadler, 1980) of which provides the key guidelines for all managerial activities and decisions. Aligned with the corporate culture, corporate design reflects the visual side of the corporate identity including name, logo, and mascot (Sarasin, 1993). Influence of leader and decision making. Corporate behaviour shows how human resource issues are managed which includes selection, empowering and training (Lingenfelder and Spitzer, 1987). Bring theories such as ingroup, people want to work with people who have similar characteristics etc Corporate communication has internal and external aspects. Internal communication covers a ny mean of interaction within the firm, which may vary from leaders helping employees to achieve both organisational and personal goals to coordinating organisational activities (Rode and Vallaster, 2005). xxxxx . External communication represents the various ways the firm can communicate with its stakeholders including advertisement, sponsoring and any other marketing campaigns. According to Duncan (1989) culture is set of key values, assumptions, understanding and norms that is shared by members of organisation and taught to new members as correct. Carlyle, T. (1888). On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History, Fredrick A. Stokes Brother, New York